Category: Industry

The world wide oil and gas industry uses many types of pressure transducer for measurement and control in processes, drilling and down hole tools. With the need to find oil in less accessible areas the systems used in exploration, drilling and production becomes ever more complex and the use of pressure transducer products is increasing.

A few applications for pressure transducer sensors are:

Drilling Tools
Various types of pressure transducer are used in downhole tools to monitor hydraulic pressure, and pipeline oil pressure. Often a high pressure transducer is required, with a high operating temperature range due to the extreme environment. The Omni series 10 and series 8 pressure transducer models offer ranges up to 1000 bar with operating temperatures up to 150 degrees C.

Wellheads
Wellhead assemblies and Christmas tree use a range of pressure transducer sensors to monitor wellhead pressure. Due to the hazardous area the pressure transducer has to be of intrinsically safe or explosion proof design. A pressure transducer used in this application also needs to be rugged and weatherproof. The Omni series 23EXD and 23IS pressure transducer types meet both of these requirements.

Intelligent Pigs
Subsea pipe lines are tested on a regular basis with an intelligent pig. The pig may be fitted with several pressure transducer types to monitor pipeline pressure, and hydraulic pressure. Also a differential pressure transducer may be used to measure the difference in pressure between the front and back of the pig. As these devices are usually battery powered it is important to select a pressure transducer with low power consumption. The Omni series 10 pressure transducer only draws around 1mA and is ideal for these applications.

Core Analysis
In core analysis an oil sample may be forced at high pressure through a section of rock core. A pressure transducer in this application needs to provide high accuracy measurement up to 10,000 PSI and be constructed of either hastelloy or monel to avoid corrosion of the diaphragm. The Omni series 23 and 25 pressure transducer meets this
requirement.

Subsea Hydraulic Manifolds
Subsea hydraulic packs are used for various control applications in offshore oil production. Subsea hydraulic packs may use up to 10 pressure transducer units. The pressure transducer has to be made to the smallest design, and be able to work with high external case pressures. In this instance the pressure transducer may have the external housing removed with the bare PCB exposed to the environment to reduce the profile, with oil filling used to stop any seawater ingress.

Drilling Mud Systems
It is often a requirement to use a pressure transducer in mud flow lines. In these applications a pressure transducer with a flush diaphragm is required. This is because with a normal pressure transducer the pressure port is only 3 mm diameter, and is prone to clogging with mud particles. The Omni series 25 pressure transducer have a G1/2 or G3/4 flush diaphragm and can be supplied in EXD or IS format for hazardous area use.

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Software developers usually use some kind of encryption technology to protect their software to prevent illegal use. Also need software encryption software is authorized to purchase content, in order to maximize the sales profit.

Software encryption technology is divided according to whether the use of a dedicated hardware-based encryption hardware and software-based encryption. Hardware-based encryption, encryption need to bind with a dedicated hardware device, the hardware encryption encryption locks, commonly known as a dongle. Software-based encryption, encryption does not require dedicated hardware, general binding digital license with the the terminal device hardware and software information, also known as the electronic authorization forms.

Simply think drive-based hardware encryption security than software-based encryption is not correct, because the more involved in software security, including encryption products, security, encryption policy design, application software, operating systems, , hardware, data communications, and so on, is a comprehensive technical areas, not simply by a to determine whether security.

In other countries, the market share of the electronic authorization and encryption locks are evenly matched. Habits and historical reasons, the encryption locks also occupy a certain market share. Encryption locks, however, is the network developed product of the times, is a pure client technology, lack of management and statistical functions, the presence of hardware production, logistics, driver installation inconvenience, not only the high cost, and can not be achieved network distribution and sales of the software, is gradually decline.

The development of the electronic authorization that is in the ascendant. Electronic license protection methods have become more and more integrated into the Internet technology, cloud computing and SaaS concept is not only more convenient to use and manage software electronic issue and be able to achieve, but also in line with today’s green low-carbon development concept, has replaced the encryption locks Exclusive the software encryption market trends. The more well-known companies in the world, Microsoft, IBM, Autodesk, SIEMENS, Adobe and other software are electronic authorization protection mode.

In the country, the use of encryption software developers lock higher rates, with foreign habits and historical reasons for the continuation of the following two reasons:

1 domestic manufacturers generally considered security encryption locks electronic authorization.

There are not any available electronic license products too high, the price of foreign electronic authorization.

In fact, with the growing improvement of the network environment, the network activation for most domestic users is not a problem. And also mentioned earlier, that the point of view of the security of encryption locks electronic authorization sided incorrect. From a realistic point of view, the encryption locks through hardware replication easier to crack, but completed piracy industry chain has been formed. Instead, electronic authorization because the hardware can not be copied, but also need to network activation and validation, in fact, have very good protection effect. In addition, the domestic has also appeared in some licensed products provide electronic 2-3 company must grow with the development of China’s software industry and grow up.

Therefore, the encryption software industry trends hardware, networking, and information technology. Below, we talk about, from the software encryption method specific to elaborate software encryption status quo and development trend of the industry.

First, the software encryption method

As mentioned earlier, the software encryption technology is divided into encryption hardware-based and software-based encryption.

A hardware-based encryption

Hardware-based encryption encryption locks, some important information, such as encryption keys to sensitive data, authorization documents, custom algorithms, etc. can be stored in the dongle.

The encryption lock interface form is divided into two kinds of parallel port and USB port. The parallel port is the early use of the form, because the mating inconvenient and conflict with the printer, and now has less use. Most developers use are USB interface dongle.

Encryption locks from the two types of CPU type, a microcontroller for CPU and another using a smart card chip as the CPU the microcontroller hardware itself easily crack or copy, so more and more high-end encryption locks using a smart card chip CPU, to prevent hardware crack. But more and more smart card dongle crack, first, because the chip is more and more advanced analytical techniques and instruments; smart card program to be written to the chip factory to manufacture in this session program may leak; encryption locks of the same brand the CPU procedure is the same, only different developers data and key, if these files are spread out, it is easy to copy.

Dongle has a certain degree of security strength, but there are also a number of drawbacks:

1) apply to the traditional one-time perpetual license, can not facilitate the achievement of the trial version and on-demand purchase

2) the presence of hardware production, logistics, installation and maintenance costs

3) can not be achieved the issue of Internet-based electronic upgrades, tracking and management

4) Once cracked, can be copied in large quantities, it is difficult to remedy

Two software-based encryption

Software-based encryption, electronic authorization, and specific also divided into two kinds of registration number and license file:

Registration code is also known as the serial number or authorization code, obtained by a transformation of the the software user computer hardware and software information, the available hardware and software information, including: CPU serial number, BIOS serial number, card number, hard drive serial number, computer name, etc. . Transform algorithm used a custom algorithm or standard encryption algorithm. User or first use of the software installation process, you need to enter the registration code to verify. After authentication, the software can be used normally. The approach has the advantage of the registration code protection is simple to use, the drawback is that security is not high, unable to achieve complex authorization requirements.

License file and the registration code to bind the same computer hardware and software information, just a registration code length restricts use of both hardware and software information, the license file can use multiple hardware and software information. Moreover, the license file can contain more information, so you can achieve the complex authorization requirements, and can even store some user information. The typical license file method is to use the private key of the asymmetric algorithm to sign the license file, while the public key is embedded in the software code. Asymmetric encryption and decryption process, the private key authorization server exists, it is difficult to crack through the analysis of authorization documents.

The advantages of the electronic authorization protection does not require additional hardware, and therefore does not need to install the driver and client components, electronic software issue. The drawback of the electronic license protection mode is not networked users need to manually extract the computer information, and then manually import registration codes or license, is not very convenient to use. In addition, the domestic electronic authorization few of the developers of the product, which also limits the popularization and promotion of electronic license protection technology.

Second, the software encryption industry development status

1. Encryption locks

The major foreign dongle provider SafeNet, Inc. in the United States and Germany Wibu.

Encryption locks provider deep Si Luoke and Feitian. The two companies because of the low prices, the first to introduce the smart card encryption locks localized well to occupy a certain market in the country.

2. Electronic authorization

Foreign company licensed products to provide electronic Flexera Software and SafeNet which, Flexera Software is focused on the field of electronic authorization, the product’s ease of use and functionality are doing better, but the price of the product is also very high.

The domestic electronic authorization products company the Beijing Biteansuo (BitAnswer), Shenzhen-use the (Euse) Safengine Company.

There are very few companies will develop their own electronic authorization scheme, but the developers to develop their own programs usually exist the following questions:

1) the development of non-professionals, there are many loopholes in the security

2) is difficult to achieve flexible licensing control, management and statistical functions very simple or no

3) are likely to be introduced in order to solve the immediate problem of short-term program, and produce far more than expected in the future due to the security, stability and scalability issues continued to invest

4) can not meet market changes brought about by the new demands on software licensing model

Software encryption industry trends

The software encryption industry trends is closely related with the development trend of the software industry. With the popularity of cloud computing and SaaS, provider of software products is change in the direction of the network and platform. Used for the majority of software developers, SaaS products can not only save a lot of hardware and software purchase and maintenance costs, you can also purchase demand, while reducing the use of risk, forcing platform providers to continuously improve products and enhance services to retain customers.

Toward the development of network and platform development is also a software encryption technology trends. The view on the current development trend, the encryption lock technology has developed very mature market is nearing saturation, slow growth. The existence and use of the hardware habit makes encryption locks can not keep up with the pace of development of the Internet era, will be replaced by the electronic license.

Electronic authorization license from early registration code form to the feature-rich documents in the form of changes in technology is undergoing authentication method from offline manually verify the development of automatic network authentication. Authorized management thinking of in particular, the electronic license technology from a single software license certification development as an authorized certification, authorization management and statistical information, and other function of both, greatly increased the authorized level of information for software developers.

Can predict the future of electronics licensed products should have the following main characteristics:

Unified authorized management platform: provided by third-party security professional software developers, based on the Internet’s one-stop software protection and authorization management platform, without having to install and maintain, low cost, easy-to-use.

2 Flexible License: support the authorization of the client software and the cloud computing model traditional software license; authorized press time, the number of functional modules; authorized to bind the computer hardware and software information, encryption locks, or by a user name and password authentication method for authorization.

Simple and friendly user experience: based on the WEB, anywhere access; Users can buffet purchase, activate and update the software, you can buy their own software to keep abreast of information; software developers can learn about software activation information and user information can be synergies by the members of the organization to complete the design of software license, implementation, management and maintenance work.

4. Cloud licensing model: This is a cloud computing model of software licensing. Traditional software is pure client implementation, authorization is also a client. Although cloud computing is the trend, but the transition difficult for traditional software would be a good way for a certain degree of cloud computing transformation. The concrete realization of ideas, the only software authorized transfer from the client to the cloud on the authorization server, so that small changes to the software, but you can instantly enjoy the benefits of cloud computing: high security strength demand to buy cloud storage .

The construction industry is a very appealing industry to work in right now, not only is the work varied, rewarding and well paid, you are using skills that are very valuable in the world of work. Having a trade is essential because of the high unemployment rates caused by the recession. If you can learn a trade and get one step above the other candidates going for jobs you want, then why not do it as soon as possible?

This article will discuss ways to get started in the construction industry:

Get onto a good course: just reading about construction wont just make you a very boring person to talk to at the pub, it will leave you falling far short of the standards and trade skills required to get into the industry. There are some fantastic vocational training courses out there. These courses will teach you all of the theory behind elements of the construction industry but they will also give you a chance to go out and use your skills in a real world environment. Tradesman courses are underrated, especially when all you hear is that A Levels are the only real way to educate yourself. However having a trade is so essential these days, and practical qualifications are the only way to get there.

Get your employer to sponsor you on a staff training course if you dont have the right qualifications. Everybody wins, you get a recognised qualification and your employer gets a much more diverse member of staff who will be able to enter the construction industry properly.

Get advice, do you know anyone in the construction industry? Speak to them, find out what they did to get where they are, and also find out from speaking to them if it really is the career for you. Ask them to give you an honest list of pros and cons.

Have faith in yourself, low self esteem has held many a person back from reach out to achieve their dream. You can do it if you put the work in. If the 21st Century is teaching us anything at all, its that absolutely anything is possible. You only one very short life, so dont let minor things get in your way.

Ever felt, why there was a relative absence of black fashion models in the recent fashion week? No doubt, its true that the cut throat competition brews in between the model agencies for searching for the most glamorous fashion models, with the best of poses, head shots and beauty. But with innumerable white models, walking down the ramp, its definitely getting difficult for black women to mark their advent, unlike as they did during the late seventies.

So, does race play a pivotal role in deciding the career prospects of this tempting fashion industry? Are the days of black celebrities like Naomi Campbell, Liya Kebede and Donyale Luna, finally over? Sadly, these questions reveal some hard and bitter truths. On one hand, black fashion wear might have appeared as a style statement, but sadly on the other hand, the entire fashion bustle is perhaps undergoing a complete white wash. Long back, Ms Mendoza happened to be the first black woman to be crowned as Ms Columbia in 2002. But no other black woman could repeat history again.

Earlier, the black fashion models used to grace the cover of more than hundreds of magazines like Hapers Bazaar, Cosmopolitan and Vogue. Fashion models like Waris Dirie, had even modeled for Express jeans and Chanel. Along with the top model agencies, even the advertising giants like Tommy Hilfiger and Abercrombie & Fitch hired these black models. Several international fashion magazines, fashion model portfolios, commercials and catwalks featured the budding black models that had literally set the bestowed platforms on fire, with their cuts, curves and figures.

But nowadays, the so-called universal fashion models agency poses challenging situations for the black women. The number of black women chosen by the glamorous model agency has dramatically decreased. Now, even the fashion aficionados rejoice upon seeing a black face in the fashion magazine. So is it deliberate discrimination or not? No doubt, around twelve percent of the world population includes black people, but are these statistics enough to confront the selection of the models in any international model agency? Perhaps not!

Earlier when fashion commenced into an industrial platform, it started with the selling of clothes and creating vigor, dash and genre for fashion hunters. But now, it has drooped to the business of selling beauty. Somehow, the international designers feel that black women cannot portray the stereotyped image of beauty. Sadly, they don’t realise that their expensive attires are also worn by these black beauties.

Today’s Construction industry has become quite competitive. Contractors are required to me efficient, cheap, and punctual. For either a new construction project, or a remodel, contractors have the challenging task of assigning the exact price for the completed work. In addition to the obvious cost calculations for the material costs such as foundation materials, lumber, roofing, doors and windows, cabinets, carpet, paint, appliances, plumbing, electrical wiring, landscaping, and many other things, they also have to calculate the time for each task to be completed and determine the labor costs for the construction project. In the past, one contractors quote may have varied greatly from the next, simply because of the many variables involved. Construction time was usually the target that was missed the most.

Computers and software developed for contractors has enabled contractors to work more efficiently. With the use of specialized software, contractors are able to provide more accurate quotes, and determine these figures in a much shorter amount of time. The quotes provided are usually more uniform depending on the contractors own markup.

The construction industry has become so refined, that many teams of workers are assigned to their specific task. When that task is completed, their job is done, and in comes the next team. For example, once the foundation had been built, the framing team needs to come in, followed by the plumbing team and electrical team. Next is the drywall team, the carpet team, the paint team, etc. What is impressive is that each team has specific estimating software for their stage of the construction process. T

When the electrical contractor has the plans for the building, including all the square footage figures, and all the plans and electrical needs, he can simple input all that information into his electrical estimating software, including the pricing of specific electrical fixtures and the current costs of wiring, etc., and the software will calculate the final costs, including labor. Each subcontractor has a similar process and when all taken in sync, the contractor is able to provide a total estimate for the construction project.

All of this specification results in a very efficient construction industry. Of course, you can still hire a jack of all trades builder, they still exist. Just understand that it is impossible for one person to be an expert in every process, as well as being an expert in the use of all the software available. His estimates will be more variable. Either way, the numbers should make sense to you, and everything, including the time table, needs to be put into writing.